Lesiones preneoplásicas gástricas en pacientes colombianos: asociación de polimorfismos genéticos interleucinas 1B-511, 1RN, 10-819, 10-1082, factor de necrosis tumoral-a-308 y anticuerpos inmunoglobulina G hacia cagA de Helicobacter pylori
Palabras clave:
Interleucina-1 beta, Antagonista del receptor-1RN, Interleucina-10, Factor de necrosis tumoral alfa, Helicobacter pylori, Lesiones preneoplásicas gástricasResumen
Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación de los polimorfismos de alguna de las citocinas más estudiadas en relación con el cáncer gástrico (IL-1B-511, IL-1RN intron-2-VNTR, TNF-α-308, IL-10-819 e IL-10-1082) y la presencia de anticuerpos hacia la proteína cagA de Helicobacter pylori con las lesiones preneoplásicas gástricas en pacientes colombianos.
Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron 185 pacientes con lesiones preneoplásicas (gastritis atrófica, metaplasia intestinal y displasia), y 154 controles (gastritis no atrófica), provenientes de hospitales de una zona de riesgo alto y otra de riesgo bajo para cáncer gástrico. Se obtuvieron biopsias gástricas y muestras de sangre; la genotipificación de los polimorfismos se hizo por discriminación alélica usando PCR en tiempo real y por PCR convencional y electroforesis en agarosa (VNTR del intron 2 de IL-1RN); la serología de Helicobacter pylori y Helicobacter pylori cagA se determinó por ELISA. Se utilizó regresión logística multinomial en el análisis estadístico.
Resultados: El genotipo IL-1B-511TT (odds ratio = 4,05; intervalo de confianza 95% 1,35-12,10) se asoció a metaplasia intestinal; no se observaron otras asociaciones entre los diferentes polimorfismos y las lesiones preneoplásicas. La infección por Helicobacter pylori cagA positivo se asoció a gastritis atrófica, metaplasia intestinal y displasia (OR = 2,66; 13,70; 40,29, respectivamente).
Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que entre los genotipos proinflamatorios el genotipo IL-1B-511TT estaría asociado a la metaplasia intestinal, y la serología de Helicobacter pylori cagA positivo sería un biomarcador útil para intervenir y prevenir la presencia de lesiones preneoplásicas. Se necesitan otros estudios con población colombiana que evalúen la asociación hallada de IL1B-511 con la metaplasia intestinal.
Biografía del autor/a
Teresa Martínez, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología ESE
Grupo de Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología ESE., Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Gustavo A. Hernández, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología ESE
Grupo de Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología ESE., Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
María Mercedes Bravo, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología ESE
Grupo de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología ESE., Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Esperanza Trujillo, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología ESE
Grupo de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología ESE., Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Jesús Pérez García, Universidad Libre
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Libre, Laboratorio de Patología Clínica General del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
Juan C. Robayo, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá
Departamento de Gastroenterología, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Margarita Camorlinga, Instituto Mexicano de Seguros Sociales
Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría CMN siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano de Seguros Sociales, Ciudad de México, México
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